Use Your Data Flow Delegation Token to Access Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Resources

When you create a Data Flow Run, Data Flow automatically configures your Spark job with a delegation token. This token is used to access Oracle Cloud Infrastructure resources on your behalf.

It's why the Spark jobs that you run in Data Flow can read from, and write to, Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Object Storage without needing credentials.

The token can also be used to access other IAM capable systems in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure without credentials. For example:
  • Your applications can access the Vault service to retrieve passwords or other secrets.
  • You can access the NoSQL service to manage state outside of your Spark application. It's common to track high watermarks between Spark runs, or to create distributed locks. The NoSQL service can be used for these purposes.
  • You can invoke Oracle Functions for other computing tasks.
  • You can send email with the Email service.

Calls to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure services can be freely interspersed with other Spark code. The Policy Reference page is a good place to get information on all IAM enabled services.

This tutorial gives you simple templates which you can use in your Spark code to create Oracle Cloud Infrastructure clients. These clients use the delegation token when running in Data Flow, or use your API key when running outside of Data Flow. You learn how to
  1. Use your delegation token from Java applications
  2. Use your delegation token from Python applications

Before You Begin

You must be authorized to invoke Data Flow. It doesn't elevate your privileges, and only makes calls on your behalf. If you can do it in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console, your Spark job can do it in Data Flow. Similarly, if you can do it in Data Flow, your Spark job can do it in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Console.

1. Using your Delegation Token from Java Applications

The following class, OboTokenClientConfigurator.java, creates authenticated Oracle Cloud Infrastructure clients. From your template project base directory, create the example source directory structure with an empty file to paste the OboTokenClientConfiguration code into.
$ mkdir -p src/main/java/example/
$ touch src/main/java/example/OboTokenClientConfigurator.java

If your application is running locally, the code relies on a configuration file and an API key. For more information on this set up, see Required Keys and OCIDs. Example of OboTokenClientConfiguration.java:

package example;
 
import com.oracle.bmc.ConfigFileReader;
import com.oracle.bmc.Region;
import com.oracle.bmc.auth.BasicAuthenticationDetailsProvider;
import com.oracle.bmc.auth.ConfigFileAuthenticationDetailsProvider;
import com.oracle.bmc.auth.InstancePrincipalsAuthenticationDetailsProvider;
import com.oracle.bmc.hdfs.BmcProperties;
import com.oracle.bmc.http.ClientConfigurator;
import com.oracle.bmc.http.DefaultConfigurator;
import com.oracle.bmc.http.signing.internal.Constants;
 
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import javax.annotation.Priority;
import javax.ws.rs.Priorities;
import javax.ws.rs.client.Client;
import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientRequestContext;
import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientRequestFilter;
 
/**
 * Customize the SDK underlying REST client to use the on-behalf-of token when running on
 * Data Flow.
 */
public class OboTokenClientConfigurator implements ClientConfigurator {
 
  // TODO: Set these values for your sepcific OCI environment
  public static final String LOCAL_PROFILE = "DEV"; // TODO <your ~/.oci/config profile>
  private static final String CONFIG_FILE_PATH = ConfigFileReader.DEFAULT_FILE_PATH;
  private static final String CANONICAL_REGION_NAME = Region.US_PHOENIX_1.getRegionId();
 
  private final String delegationTokenPath;
 
  /**
   * Helper function for the Spark Driver to get the token path.
   */
  public static String getDelegationTokenPath() {
    SparkConf conf = new SparkConf();
    try {
      return conf.get("spark.hadoop.fs.oci.client.auth.delegationTokenPath");
    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
      return null;
    }
  }
 
  /**
   * Helper function to get the Hadoop configuration for the HDFS BmcFileSystem.
   */
  public static Configuration getConfiguration(Configuration config, String delegationTokenPath) {
    // https://objectstorage.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com
    String domain = "oraclecloud.com";
    String overlayEndpoint = String
        .format("https://objectstorage.%s.%s", CANONICAL_REGION_NAME, domain);
    config.set(BmcProperties.HOST_NAME.getPropertyName(), overlayEndpoint);
    // Data Flow
    if (delegationTokenPath != null) {
      config.set("fs.oci.client.auth.delegationTokenPath", delegationTokenPath);
      config.set(BmcProperties.OBJECT_STORE_CLIENT_CLASS.getPropertyName(),
          "oracle.dfcs.hdfs.DelegationObjectStorageClient");
    } else { // local
      try {
        ConfigFileAuthenticationDetailsProvider provider =
            new ConfigFileAuthenticationDetailsProvider(CONFIG_FILE_PATH, LOCAL_PROFILE);
        config.set(BmcProperties.TENANT_ID.getPropertyName(), provider.getTenantId());
        config.set(BmcProperties.USER_ID.getPropertyName(), provider.getUserId());
        config.set(BmcProperties.FINGERPRINT.getPropertyName(), provider.getFingerprint());
        config.set(BmcProperties.PEM_FILE_PATH.getPropertyName(), provider.getPemFilePath());
      } catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
      }
    }
    return config;
  }
 
  /**
   * Helper function to get an environment specific authentication provider.
   */
  public static BasicAuthenticationDetailsProvider getAuthProvider(String delegationTokenPath) {
    if (delegationTokenPath == null) { // local
      try {
        return new ConfigFileAuthenticationDetailsProvider(CONFIG_FILE_PATH, LOCAL_PROFILE);
      } catch (IOException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
      }
    }
    // Data Flow
    return InstancePrincipalsAuthenticationDetailsProvider.builder().build();
  }
 
  /**
   * Helper function to get an environment specific <tt>ClientConfigurator</tt>.
   */
  public static ClientConfigurator getConfigurator(String delegationTokenPath) {
    return (delegationTokenPath == null) ? new DefaultConfigurator() : // local
        new OboTokenClientConfigurator(delegationTokenPath); // Data Flow
  }
 
  /**
   * Helper function to get an environment specific working directory.
   */
  public static String getTempDirectory() {
    if (System.getenv("HOME").equals("/home/dataflow")) {
      return "/opt/spark/work-dir/";
    }
    return System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
  }
 
  public OboTokenClientConfigurator(String delegationTokenPath) {
    this.delegationTokenPath = delegationTokenPath;
  }
 
  @Override
  public void customizeBuilder(ClientBuilder builder) {
  }
 
  @Override
  public void customizeClient(Client client) {
    client.register(new _OboTokenRequestFilter());
  }
 
  @Priority(_OboTokenRequestFilter.PRIORITY)
  class _OboTokenRequestFilter implements ClientRequestFilter {
 
    public static final int PRIORITY = Priorities.AUTHENTICATION - 1;
 
    @Override
    public void filter(final ClientRequestContext requestContext) throws IOException {
      String token = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(delegationTokenPath)));
      requestContext.getHeaders().putSingle(Constants.OPC_OBO_TOKEN, token);
    }
  }
}
The following example shows you how to use the delegation token with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Object Storage. Run this command:
$ touch src/main/java/example/Example.java
Exmaple.java
package example;
 
import com.oracle.bmc.auth.AbstractAuthenticationDetailsProvider;
import com.oracle.bmc.hdfs.BmcFilesystem;
import com.oracle.bmc.http.ClientConfigurator;
import com.oracle.bmc.objectstorage.ObjectStorageClient;
import com.oracle.bmc.objectstorage.requests.GetNamespaceRequest;
import com.oracle.bmc.objectstorage.requests.PutObjectRequest;
import com.oracle.bmc.objectstorage.responses.GetNamespaceResponse;
import com.oracle.bmc.objectstorage.transfer.UploadConfiguration;
import com.oracle.bmc.objectstorage.transfer.UploadManager;
import com.oracle.bmc.objectstorage.transfer.UploadManager.UploadRequest;
 
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
import org.apache.spark.SparkFiles;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
 
// This demo illustrates:
// 1. The delegation token path must be looked up in the Driver and passed to the Executor.
// 2. If the token path is null, assume you are running locally and load an API key.
// 3. Using the HDFS-Connector to create an HDFS FileSystem to connect to Object Storage.
public class Example {
 
  // TODO: Set these values for your sepcific OCI environment
  private static final String NAMESPACE = "<your tenant namespace>";
  private static final String BUCKET_NAME = "output"; // ensure that you create this bucket
 
  private static final String OCI_URI = "oci://" + BUCKET_NAME + "@" + NAMESPACE;
  private static final String SAMPLE_JOB_PATH = "/Example";
  private static final String INPUT_FILE = SAMPLE_JOB_PATH + "/input.dat";
 
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // Get our Spark session.
    SparkConf conf = new SparkConf();
    String master = conf.get("spark.master", "local[*]");
    SparkSession spark = SparkSession.builder().appName("Example").master(master).getOrCreate();
    JavaSparkContext jsc = JavaSparkContext.fromSparkContext(spark.sparkContext());
 
    String delegationTokenPath = OboTokenClientConfigurator.getDelegationTokenPath();
 
    // write a file to Object Storage using an HDFS FileSystem
    try (final BmcFilesystem fs = new BmcFilesystem())
    {
      fs.initialize(new URI(OCI_URI), OboTokenClientConfigurator.getConfiguration(
          jsc.hadoopConfiguration(), delegationTokenPath));
      fs.delete(new Path(SAMPLE_JOB_PATH), true);
      final FSDataOutputStream output = fs.create(new Path(INPUT_FILE));
      output.writeChars("example\npath\ngak\ntest\nexample\ngak\n\ngak");
      output.close();
    }
 
    // Test adding a Spark file, equivalent to spark.files or --files
    jsc.addFile(OCI_URI + INPUT_FILE); // Do not use this for data files
    // Executor -> read a file
    JavaRDD<Integer> rdd = jsc.parallelize(Arrays.asList(1, 2), 2);
    rdd.foreach(item -> executorGetFile());
 
    List<Integer> collection = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
    rdd = jsc.parallelize(collection, 4);
    rdd.foreach(item -> copyFileSample(item, delegationTokenPath));
 
    // Executor -> write a file to Object Storage using an HDFS FileSystem
    rdd = jsc.parallelize(Arrays.asList(1, 2), 2);
    rdd.foreach(item -> fileSystemSample(item, delegationTokenPath));
 
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    // <COPY CODE SNIPPET EXAMPLE #2 HERE>
 
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    // <COPY CODE SNIPPET EXAMPLE #3 HERE>
 
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
    jsc.stop();
  }
 
  public static void executorGetFile() {
    String filepath = SparkFiles.get("input.dat");
    File file = new File(filepath);
    try {
      String data = IOUtils.toString(new FileInputStream(file), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      System.out.println("Read a file:\n" + data);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
 
  public static void fileSystemSample(int i, String delegationTokenPath) throws Exception {
    // write a file to Object Storage using a FileSystem
    try (final BmcFilesystem fs = new BmcFilesystem())
    {
      fs.initialize(new URI(OCI_URI), OboTokenClientConfigurator.getConfiguration(
          new Configuration(), delegationTokenPath));
      fs.delete(new Path(SAMPLE_JOB_PATH + "/" + i), true);
      final FSDataOutputStream output = fs.create(new Path(INPUT_FILE));
      output.writeChars("example\npath\ngak\ntest\nexample\ngak\n\ngak");
      output.close();
    }
  }
 
  // The driver needs to pass the delegation token path to executors.
  public static void copyFileSample(int i, String delegationTokenPath)
      throws Exception {
    // Create a file to upload.
    String outputFile = MessageFormat.format("{0}.txt", i);
    String outputPath = "/tmp/" + outputFile;
    Writer wr = new FileWriter(outputPath);
    wr.write(String.valueOf(i));
    wr.close();
 
    AbstractAuthenticationDetailsProvider provider =
        OboTokenClientConfigurator.getAuthProvider(delegationTokenPath);
    ClientConfigurator configurator = OboTokenClientConfigurator.getConfigurator(delegationTokenPath);
 
    // Create an object storage client.
    ObjectStorageClient client = ObjectStorageClient.builder()
        .clientConfigurator(configurator)
        .build(provider);
 
    // Look up our namespace.
    GetNamespaceResponse namespaceResponse = client.getNamespace(GetNamespaceRequest.builder().build());
    String namespaceName = namespaceResponse.getValue();
 
    // Upload the file.
    UploadConfiguration uploadConfiguration = UploadConfiguration.builder()
        .allowMultipartUploads(true)
        .allowParallelUploads(true)
        .build();
    UploadManager uploadManager = new UploadManager(client, uploadConfiguration);
    PutObjectRequest request = PutObjectRequest.builder()
        .bucketName(BUCKET_NAME)
        .namespaceName(namespaceName)
        .objectName(outputFile)
        .contentType("text/plain")
        .contentLanguage("EN")
        .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
        .build();
    UploadRequest uploadDetails = UploadRequest.builder(new File(outputPath))
        .allowOverwrite(true)
        .build(request);
    uploadManager.upload(uploadDetails);
  }
}
You can connect to Vault using the following code. Copy it into the example.java file in the section <COPY CODE SNIPPET EXAMPLE #2 HERE>.
<!-- Add the Vault SDK dependency to our example project pom.xml below the Secrets SDK dependency -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.oracle.oci.sdk</groupId>
      <artifactId>oci-java-sdk-vault</artifactId>
      <version>${oci-java-sdk-version}</version>
    </dependency>
 
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Add these imports to the top of the file
import com.oracle.bmc.secrets.SecretsClient;
import com.oracle.bmc.secrets.requests.GetSecretBundleRequest;
import com.oracle.bmc.secrets.responses.GetSecretBundleResponse;
import com.oracle.bmc.secrets.model.Base64SecretBundleContentDetails;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import com.oracle.bmc.auth.BasicAuthenticationDetailsProvider;
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
// <COPY CODE SNIPPET EXAMPLE #2 HERE>
 
    String passwordOcid = null; // TODO <the vault secret OCID>
 
    BasicAuthenticationDetailsProvider provider =
        OboTokenClientConfigurator.getAuthProvider(delegationTokenPath);
    ClientConfigurator configurator = OboTokenClientConfigurator.getConfigurator(delegationTokenPath);
    SecretsClient secretsClient = SecretsClient.builder().clientConfigurator(configurator).build(provider);
 
    // create get secret bundle request
    GetSecretBundleRequest getSecretBundleRequest = GetSecretBundleRequest
        .builder()
        .secretId(passwordOcid)
        .stage(GetSecretBundleRequest.Stage.Current)
        .build();
 
    // get the secret
    GetSecretBundleResponse getSecretBundleResponse = secretsClient.
        getSecretBundle(getSecretBundleRequest);
 
    // get the bundle content details
    Base64SecretBundleContentDetails base64SecretBundleContentDetails =
        (Base64SecretBundleContentDetails) getSecretBundleResponse.
            getSecretBundle().getSecretBundleContent();
 
    // decode the encoded secret
    byte[] secretValueDecoded = Base64.decodeBase64(base64SecretBundleContentDetails.getContent());
    System.out.println("Secret: " + new String(secretValueDecoded, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
To connect to Autonomous Database for Analytics and Data Warehousing from your Application, download the Autonomous Database for Analytics and Data Warehousing wallet. Follow these steps:
  1. Log in to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.
  2. Search for Autonomous Database.
  3. Select your ADW instance.
  4. Click DB Connection.
  5. Click Download wallet.
  6. Enter your password.
  7. Save the wallet to your bucket in Object Storage.
  8. Add this code to the example project:
    <!-- Add the ADW dependencies to our example project pom.xml below the Secrets SDK dependency -->
        <!-- Drivers for talking to ADW. Jars need to be deployed using mvn deploy:deploy-file -->
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
          <artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
          <version>18.3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
          <artifactId>ucp</artifactId>
          <version>18.3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.oracle.database.security</groupId>
          <artifactId>oraclepki</artifactId>
          <version>18.3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.oracle.database.security</groupId>
          <artifactId>osdt_cert</artifactId>
          <version>18.3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.oracle.database.security</groupId>
          <artifactId>osdt_core</artifactId>
          <version>18.3.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
     
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Add these imports to the top of the file
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
    import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
    import org.apache.spark.sql.RowFactory;
    import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructType;
    import org.apache.spark.sql.types.DataTypes;
    import org.apache.spark.sql.types.StructField;
    import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleConnection;
    // ---------------------------------------------------------------------
     
        // <COPY CODE SNIPPET EXAMPLE #3 HERE>
     
        // TODO <set these values as appropriate to access your ADW using your ADW wallet
        String walletPath = OCI_URI + "/Wallet_EXAMPLEADW.zip";
        String user = "ADMIN";
        String tnsName = "exampleadw_high"; // this can be found inside of the wallet.zip (unpack it)
        byte[] secretValueDecoded = "example_secret".getBytes();
     
        // Build a 2 row data set to save to ADW.
        // Usually you would load data from CSV/Parquet, this is to keep the example
        // simple.
        List<String[]> stringAsList = new ArrayList<>();
        stringAsList.add(new String[] { "value11", "value21" });
        stringAsList.add(new String[] { "value12", "value22" });
        JavaSparkContext sparkContext = new JavaSparkContext(spark.sparkContext());
        JavaRDD<Row> rowRDD = sparkContext.parallelize(stringAsList).map(RowFactory::create);
        StructType schema = DataTypes
            .createStructType(new StructField[] { DataTypes.createStructField("col1", DataTypes.StringType, false),
                DataTypes.createStructField("col2", DataTypes.StringType, false) });
        Dataset<Row> df = spark.sqlContext().createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema).toDF();
     
        // Download the wallet from object storage and distribute it.
        String tmpPath = DataFlowDeployWallet.deployWallet(new URI(OCI_URI), spark.sparkContext(),
            OboTokenClientConfigurator.getConfiguration(jsc.hadoopConfiguration(), delegationTokenPath), walletPath);
     
        // Configure the ADW JDBC URL.
        String jdbcUrl = MessageFormat.format("jdbc:oracle:thin:@{0}?TNS_ADMIN={1}", tnsName, tmpPath);
        System.out.println("JDBC URL " + jdbcUrl);
     
        String password = new String(secretValueDecoded);
     
        // Save data to ADW.
        System.out.println("Saving to ADW");
        Map<String, String> options = new HashMap<String, String>();
        options.put("driver", "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
        options.put("url", jdbcUrl);
        options.put(OracleConnection.CONNECTION_PROPERTY_USER_NAME, user);
        options.put(OracleConnection.CONNECTION_PROPERTY_PASSWORD, password);
        options.put(OracleConnection.CONNECTION_PROPERTY_TNS_ADMIN, tmpPath);
        options.put("dbtable", "sample");
        df.write().format("jdbc").options(options).mode("Overwrite").save();
        System.out.println("Done writing to ADW");
  9. Access the wallet file using the helper class DataFlowDeployWallet.java.
    1. Run this command to create a file:
      $ touch src/main/java/example/DataFlowDeployWallet.java
    2. Copy this code into the file:
      /*
       * Copyright © 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
       * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
       */
      package example;
       
      import com.oracle.bmc.hdfs.BmcFilesystem;
       
      import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
      import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
      import org.apache.spark.SparkContext;
       
      import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
      import java.io.File;
      import java.io.FileInputStream;
      import java.io.FileOutputStream;
      import java.io.IOException;
      import java.net.URI;
      import java.net.URISyntaxException;
      import java.util.Arrays;
      import java.util.List;
      import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
      import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream;
       
      /*
       * Helper to deploy a wallet to the Spark cluster.
       *
       * This only needs to be done once and should be done in the Spark driver.
       */
      public class DataFlowDeployWallet {
       
          private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
       
          public static String deployWallet(URI oci_uri, SparkContext sc, Configuration configuration, String walletPath)
                  throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
              try (final BmcFilesystem fs = new BmcFilesystem()) {
                  fs.initialize(oci_uri, configuration);
       
                  String tmpPath = downloadAndExtract(fs, new Path(walletPath));
       
                  List<String> walletContents = Arrays.asList("cwallet.sso", "ewallet.p12", "keystore.jks", "ojdbc.properties",
                          "sqlnet.ora", "tnsnames.ora", "truststore.jks");
                  for (String file : walletContents) {
                      sc.addFile(tmpPath + file);
                  }
                  return tmpPath;
              }
          }
       
          private static String downloadAndExtract(BmcFilesystem bmc, Path walletRemotePath)
                  throws IllegalArgumentException, IOException {
              String tmpPath = OboTokenClientConfigurator.getTempDirectory();
              String walletLocal = tmpPath + "wallet.zip";
              bmc.copyToLocalFile(walletRemotePath, new Path(walletLocal));
              unzip(walletLocal, tmpPath);
              return tmpPath;
          }
       
          private static void unzip(String zipFilePath, String destDirectory) throws IOException {
              File destDir = new File(destDirectory);
              if (!destDir.exists()) {
                  destDir.mkdir();
              }
              ZipInputStream zipIn = new ZipInputStream(new FileInputStream(zipFilePath));
              ZipEntry entry = zipIn.getNextEntry();
              // iterates over entries in the zip file
              while (entry != null) {
                  String filePath = destDirectory + File.separator + entry.getName();
                  if (!entry.isDirectory()) {
                      // if the entry is a file, extracts it
                      extractFile(zipIn, filePath);
                  } else {
                      // if the entry is a directory, make the directory
                      File dir = new File(filePath);
                      dir.mkdir();
                  }
                  zipIn.closeEntry();
                  entry = zipIn.getNextEntry();
              }
              zipIn.close();
          }
       
          private static void extractFile(ZipInputStream zipIn, String filePath) throws IOException {
              BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filePath));
              byte[] bytesIn = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
              int read = 0;
              while ((read = zipIn.read(bytesIn)) != -1) {
                  bos.write(bytesIn, 0, read);
              }
              bos.close();
          }
      }

2. Using your Delegation Token from Python Applications

The following code lets you to create authenticated clients in Python. If the application is running locally, the code relies on a configuration file and an API key. For more information on setting it up, see Required Keys and OCIDs.
# Helper Functions
def get_token_path(spark):
    token_key = "spark.hadoop.fs.oci.client.auth.delegationTokenPath"
    token_path = spark.sparkContext.getConf().get(token_key)
    return token_path

def get_authenticated_client(token_path, client):
    import oci
    import os

    if token_path is None:
        # You are running locally, so use our API Key.
        config = oci.config.from_file()
        authenticated_client = client(config)
    else:
        # You are running in Data Flow, so use our Delegation Token.
        with open(token_path) as fd:
            delegation_token = fd.read()
        signer = oci.auth.signers.InstancePrincipalsDelegationTokenSigner(
            delegation_token=delegation_token
        )
        authenticated_client = client(config={}, signer=signer)
    return authenticated_client
Here are two of examples of how you could use the code:
import oci
token_path = get_token_path(spark)

# Get an object storage client.
object_storage_client = get_authenticated_client(token_path, oci.object_storage.ObjectStorageClient)
...

# Retrieve a password using the secrets client.
import base64
password_ocid = "my_password_ocid"
secrets_client = get_authenticated_client(token_path, oci.secrets.SecretsClient)
response = secrets_client.get_secret_bundle(password_ocid)
base64_secret_content = response.data.secret_bundle_content.content
base64_secret_bytes = base64_secret_content.encode("ascii")
base64_message_bytes = base64.b64decode(base64_secret_bytes)
password = base64_message_bytes.decode("ascii")
...

Note the pattern used to build authenticated clients. If you pass the token path and class name of the client you want to get_authenicated_client, an authenticated client is returned. This approach works with any Client provided by the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Python SDK.

The token path must be supplied to any map, foreach, or foreachPartition operation. You can't look up the token path within the Spark Executors.

What's Next

The Java SDK has many examples that you can use to help you develop Oracle Cloud Infrastructure integration in your Spark application.

The Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Python SDK has many examples that you can use to help you develop Oracle Cloud Infrastructure integration in your Spark application.